• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Map
• Reference and further resources

Year of most recent IBA criteria assessment: 2011

Populations of IBA trigger species

Species	Current IUCN Red List Category	Season	Year(s) of estimate	Population estimate	IBA Criteria Triggered
Cory's Shearwater Calonectris borealis	LC	passage	2005-2007	489,607-673,032 individuals	A4ii, B1ii, C2
Balearic Shearwater Puffinus mauretanicus	CR	passage	2007	12,864-27,631 individuals	A1, A4ii, B1ii, C1, C2
Northern Gannet Morus bassanus	LC	passage	2007	13,599-24,073 individuals	A4ii, B1ii, C3
Audouin's Gull Larus audouinii	VU	passage	2007	42,000-48,000 individuals	A1, A4i, B1i, C1, C2
Sandwich Tern Thalasseus sandvicensis	LC	passage	2006	min 4,000 individuals	A4i, B1i, C2
Great Skua Catharacta skua	LC	passage	2007	2,798-5,310 individuals	A4ii, B1ii, C3

Note: This table presents the IBA criteria triggered and the species that triggered then at the time of assessment, the current IUCN Red List category may vary from that which was in place at that time.

For more information about the IBA assessment process and criteria please click here

Threats to the site (pressure)
Threat Level 1	Threat Level 2	Timing	Scope	Severity	Result
Agricultural expansion and intensification	marine and freshwater aquaculture - industrial aquaculture	happening now	small area/few individuals (<10%)	no or imperceptible deterioration	low
Energy production and mining	oil and gas drilling	likely in short term (within 4 years)	small area/few individuals (<10%)	slow but significant deterioration	low
Human intrusions and disturbance	recreational activities	happening now	small area/few individuals (<10%)	no or imperceptible deterioration	low
Human intrusions and disturbance	work and other activities	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	no or imperceptible deterioration	low
Pollution	industrial & military effluents - oil spills	happening now	majority/most of area/population (50-90%)	very rapid to severe deterioration	very high
Pollution	industrial & military effluents - type unknown/unrecorded	happening now	whole area/population (>90%)	slow but significant deterioration	high
Transportation and service corridors	shipping lanes	happening now	majority/most of area/population (50-90%)	moderate to rapid deterioration	high

Conservation actions taken at site (response)
Conservation Designation	Management Planning	Conservation Action	Result
Little/none of site covered (<10%)	No management planning has taken place	Very little or no conservation action taking place	negligible

For more information about IBA monitoring please click here

Protected Area	Designation	Area (ha)	Relationship with IBA	Overlap with IBA (ha)
Zona marítimo-terrestre del Monte Hacho	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	872	protected area overlaps with site	0
Punta de Trafalgar	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	665	protected area overlaps with site	0
Marismas del Río Palmones	Special Protection Area (Birds Directive)	113	protected area is adjacent to site	0
Marismas del Río Palmones	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	113	protected area is adjacent to site	0
Marismas del Río Palmones	Paraje Natural	58	protected area is adjacent to site	0
Marismas del Río Palmones	Zona de Importancia Comunitaria ZIC (ZEPA/ZEC)	0	protected area is adjacent to site	0
Los Alcornocales	Parque Natural	173,620	protected area is adjacent to site	0
Los Alcornocales	Special Protection Area (Birds Directive)	167,767	protected area is adjacent to site	0
Los Alcornocales	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	167,767	protected area is adjacent to site	0
Los Alcornocales	Zona de Importancia Comunitaria ZIC (ZEPA/ZEC)	173,620	protected area is adjacent to site	0
La Breña y Marismas del Barbate	Special Protection Area (Birds Directive)	5,077	protected area overlaps with site	0
La Breña y Marismas del Barbate	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	5,077	protected area overlaps with site	0
La Breña y Marismas del Barbate	Parque Natural	5,077	protected area overlaps with site	0
La breda y Marismas del Barbate	Zona de Importancia Comunitaria ZIC (ZEPA/ZEC)	0	protected area overlaps with site	0
Fondos Marinos Marismas del Río Palmones	Zona de Importancia Comunitaria ZIC (ZEPA/ZEC)	0	protected area overlaps with site	0
Fondos Marinos Marismas del Río Palmones	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	88	protected area overlaps with site	0
Fondos Marinos Estuario del Río Guadiaro	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	107	protected area overlaps with site	0
Fondos Marinos Estuario del Río Guadiaro	Zona de Importancia Comunitaria ZIC (ZEPA/ZEC)	0	protected area overlaps with site	0
Estrecho Oriental	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	23,642	protected area overlaps with site	0
Estrecho	Zona de Importancia Comunitaria ZIC (ZEPA/ZEC)	0	protected area overlaps with site	0
Estrecho	Special Protection Area (Birds Directive)	19,177	protected area overlaps with site	0
Estrecho	Parque Natural	18,931	protected area overlaps with site	0
Estrecho	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	19,177	protected area overlaps with site	0
Calamocarro-Benzú	Special Protection Area (Birds Directive)	602	protected area is adjacent to site	0
Calamocarro-Benzú	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	602	protected area is adjacent to site	0
Acantilados del Monte Hacho	Special Protection Area (Birds Directive)	33	protected area overlaps with site	0

IUCN Habitat	Habitat detail	Extent (% of site)
Marine Neritic		-
Marine Oceanic		-

For further information about the habitat classification please click here.

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2023) Important Bird Areas factsheet: Estrecho de Gibraltar. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 31/03/2023.