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The site was identified as important in 2016 because it was regularly supporting significant populations of the species listed below, meeting ('triggering') IBA criteria.

Populations meeting IBA criteria ('trigger species'):

Species	Current IUCN Red List Category	Season	Year(s)	Population estimate at site	IBA criteria met
Common Eider Somateria mollissima	NT	breeding	2011-2015	1,005-1,268 breeding pairs	B2
Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia	LC	breeding	2011-2015	231-290 breeding pairs	A4i, B1i, B3, C2, C6
Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia	LC	non-breeding	2011-2015	181-281 individuals	B1i, C2
Mew Gull Larus canus	LC	breeding	2011-2015	134-154 breeding pairs	B3
Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus fuscus	LC	breeding	2011-2015	4,942-6,543 breeding pairs	B1i, B3, C3
European Herring Gull Larus argentatus	LC	breeding	2011-2015	2,642-3,119 breeding pairs	B2
Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus	LC	breeding	2011-2015	1 breeding pairs	C6

The current IUCN Red List category may differ from that which was valid at the time of IBA criteria assessment (2016).

Pressure (threats to the trigger species and/or their habitats)
Threat level 1	Threat level 2	Timing	Scope	Severity	Result
Agricultural expansion and intensification	marine and freshwater aquaculture - industrial aquaculture	happening now	majority/most of area/population (50-90%)	very rapid to severe deterioration	very high
Natural system modifications	other ecosystem modifications	likely in short term (within 4 years)	some of area/population (10-49%)	slow but significant deterioration	medium

Response (conservation actions taken for the trigger species and/or their habitats)
Protected-area designation	Management planning	Other conservation action	Result
Whole area of site (>90%) covered by appropriate conservation designation	A comprehensive and appropriate management plan exists that aims to maintain or improve the populations of qualifying bird species	Substantive conservation measures are being implemented but these are not comprehensive and are limited by resources and capacity	high

For more information about IBA conservation status, please click here

Protected area (PA)	PA designation	PA area (ha)	Relationship of PA with IBA	Overlap of PA with IBA (ha)
Waddenzee I	Natural Monument	125,000	protected area overlaps with site	200
Waddenzee	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	264,858	protected area is adjacent to site	0
Waddenzee	Natuurbeschermingswet	271,771	protected area is adjacent to site	0
Waddenzee	Special Protection Area (Birds Directive)	271,771	protected area is adjacent to site	0
Waddensea Area	UNESCO-MAB Biosphere Reserve	260,000	protected area overlaps with site	0
Wadden Sea	Ramsar Site, Wetland of International Importance	249,998	protected area is adjacent to site	0
The Wadden Sea	World Heritage Site (natural or mixed)	1,143,403	protected area is adjacent to site	55
North Sea Coastal Area	Ramsar Site, Wetland of International Importance	135,000	protected area is adjacent to site	0
Noordzeekustzone	Special Protection Area (Birds Directive)	144,475	protected area is adjacent to site	0
Noordzeekustzone	Natuurbeschermingswet	144,475	protected area is adjacent to site	0
Noordzeekustzone	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	144,475	protected area is adjacent to site	0
Duinen Vlieland	Natuurbeschermingswet	1,484	protected area contains site	1,350
Duinen Vlieland	Special Protection Area (Birds Directive)	1,311	is identical to site	1,398
Duinen Vlieland	Ramsar Site, Wetland of International Importance	1,484	protected area contains site	0
Duinen Vlieland	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	1,484	protected area contains site	2,545

Habitat (IUCN level 1)	Habitat detail	Extent (% of site)
Artificial/Terrestrial	Forestry plantations	-
Marine Coastal/Supratidal		-
Marine Intertidal		-

For more information about the IUCN Habitat classification, please click here.

Land-use	Extent (% of site)
fisheries/aquaculture	-
hunting	-
military	-
nature conservation and research	-
tourism/recreation	-
urban/industrial/transport	-

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2023) Important Bird Area factsheet: Duinen Vlieland. Downloaded from http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/duinen-vlieland-iba-netherlands on 22/09/2023.