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Year of most recent IBA criteria assessment: 1998

Populations of IBA trigger species

Species	Current IUCN Red List Category	Season	Year(s) of estimate	Population estimate	IBA Criteria Triggered
Corncrake Crex crex	LC	winter	-	present	A1
Southern Bald Ibis Geronticus calvus	VU	resident	-	present	A1
Southern Banded Snake-eagle Circaetus fasciolatus	NT	resident	1998	present	A3
Cape Vulture Gyps coprotheres	VU	non-breeding	-	present	A1
Brown-headed Parrot Poicephalus cryptoxanthus	LC	resident	1998	present	A3
Gorgeous Bush-shrike Telophorus viridis	LC	resident	1998	present	A3
Rudd's Apalis Apalis ruddi	LC	resident	1998	present	A2, A3
Black-bellied Starling Notopholia corusca	LC	resident	1998	present	A3
Mouse-coloured Sunbird Cyanomitra verreauxii	LC	resident	1998	present	A3
Pink-throated Twinspot Hypargos margaritatus	LC	resident	1998	present	A2, A3
Lemon-breasted Canary Crithagra citrinipectus	LC	resident	1998	present	A2, A3

Note: This table presents the IBA criteria triggered and the species that triggered then at the time of assessment, the current IUCN Red List category may vary from that which was in place at that time.

For more information about the IBA assessment process and criteria please click here

Threats to the site (pressure)
Threat Level 1	Threat Level 2	Timing	Scope	Severity	Result
Biological resource use	gathering terrestrial plants - unintentional effects (species being assessed is not the target)	happening now	small area/few individuals (<10%)	no or imperceptible deterioration	low
Biological resource use	hunting & collecting terrestrial animals - intentional use (species being assessed is the target)	happening now	whole area/population (>90%)	very rapid to severe deterioration	very high
Biological resource use	hunting & collecting terrestrial animals - unintentional effects (species is not the target)	likely in short term (within 4 years)	some of area/population (10-49%)	slow but significant deterioration	medium
Climate change and severe weather	drought	likely in long term (beyond 4 years)	whole area/population (>90%)	slow but significant deterioration	medium
Energy production and mining	mining and quarrying	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	slow but significant deterioration	medium
Energy production and mining	renewable energy	likely in long term (beyond 4 years)	some of area/population (10-49%)	very rapid to severe deterioration	medium
Human intrusions and disturbance	recreational activities	happening now	majority/most of area/population (50-90%)	slow but significant deterioration	high
Human intrusions and disturbance	work and other activities	happening now	whole area/population (>90%)	no or imperceptible deterioration	low
Invasive and other problematic species and genes	invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - named species	happening now	whole area/population (>90%)	slow but significant deterioration	high
Invasive and other problematic species and genes	problematic native species/diseases - named species	happening now	majority/most of area/population (50-90%)	slow but significant deterioration	high
Natural system modifications	dams & water management/use - small dams	happening now	small area/few individuals (<10%)	moderate to rapid deterioration	low
Natural system modifications	fire & fire suppression - increase in fire frequency/intensity	happening now	whole area/population (>90%)	slow but significant deterioration	high
Natural system modifications	other ecosystem modifications	happening now	majority/most of area/population (50-90%)	slow but significant deterioration	high
Pollution	domestic & urban waste water - run-off	likely in short term (within 4 years)	some of area/population (10-49%)	no or imperceptible deterioration	low
Pollution	excess energy - noise pollution	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	slow but significant deterioration	medium
Pollution	garbage & solid waste	likely in short term (within 4 years)	some of area/population (10-49%)	no or imperceptible deterioration	low
Residential and commercial development	tourism and recreation areas	happening now	small area/few individuals (<10%)	slow but significant deterioration	low
Transportation and service corridors	roads and railroads	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	slow but significant deterioration	medium
Transportation and service corridors	utility & service lines	happening now	small area/few individuals (<10%)	no or imperceptible deterioration	low

Condition of habitat (state)
Habitat	Habitat Detail	Reference Area (ha)	Actual Area (ha)	% of habitat remaining	% of carrying capacity (overall)	Result
Forest	Woodland - mixed	0	0	moderate (70-90%)	moderate (70-90%)	unfavourable
Forest	Woodland - riparian	0	0	poor (40-69%)	poor (40-69%)	very unfavourable
Savanna	Wooded grassland	0	0	moderate (70-90%)	moderate (70-90%)	unfavourable

Conservation actions taken at site (response)
Conservation Designation	Management Planning	Conservation Action	Result
Whole area of site (>90%) covered by appropriate conservation designation	A comprehensive and appropriate management plan exists that aims to maintain or improve the populations of qualifying bird species	The conservation measures needed for the site are being comprehensively and effectively implemented	high

For more information about IBA monitoring please click here

Protected Area	Designation	Area (ha)	Relationship with IBA	Overlap with IBA (ha)
Umfolozi Game Reserve	Nature Reserve	44,545	protected area contained by site	0
Obuka Community Nature Reserve	Nature Reserve	2,511	protected area overlaps with site	0
Mandlakazi Community Nature Reserve	Nature Reserve	1,204	protected area overlaps with site	0
Hluhluwe Game Reserve	Nature Reserve	14,381	protected area overlaps with site	96,453
Corridor Game Reserve	Nature Reserve	21,582	protected area overlaps with site	0

IUCN Habitat	Habitat detail	Extent (% of site)
Forest	Woodland - mixed, Woodland - riparian	-
Shrubland	Scrub - woodland	-
Savanna	Wooded grassland	-

For further information about the habitat classification please click here.

Land-use	Extent (% of site)
nature conservation and research	-
tourism/recreation	-
agriculture	-
water management	-

For further information about the land use classification please click here.

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2022) Important Bird Areas factsheet: Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 24/05/2022.