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The site was identified as important in 1998 because it was regularly supporting significant populations of the species listed below, meeting ('triggering') IBA criteria.

Populations meeting IBA criteria ('trigger species'):

Species	Current IUCN Red List Category	Season	Year(s)	Population estimate at site	IBA criteria met
Southern Banded Snake-eagle Circaetus fasciolatus	NT	resident	1998	present	A3
Brown-headed Parrot Poicephalus cryptoxanthus	LC	resident	1998	present	A3
Woodwards' Batis Batis fratrum	LC	resident	1998	present	A3
Gorgeous Bush-shrike Telophorus viridis	LC	resident	1998	present	A3
Rudd's Apalis Apalis ruddi	LC	resident	1998	present	A2, A3
Black-bellied Starling Notopholia corusca	LC	resident	1998	present	A3
Mouse-coloured Sunbird Cyanomitra verreauxii	LC	resident	1998	present	A3
Neergaard's Sunbird Cinnyris neergaardi	NT	resident	1998	present	A1, A2, A3
Pink-throated Twinspot Hypargos margaritatus	LC	resident	1998	present	A2, A3

The current IUCN Red List category may differ from that which was valid at the time of IBA criteria assessment (1998).

State (condition of the trigger species' populations)
Scientific name	Common name	Reference population	Actual population	Units	% of population remaining	Result
Podica senegalensis	African Finfoot	20	20	adults	100	not assessed
Gyps africanus	White-backed Vulture	200	100	adults	50	unfavourable
Aquila rapax	Tawny Eagle	12	12	adults	100	favourable
Circus ranivorus	African Marsh-harrier	10	10	adults	100	not assessed
Cinnyris neergaardi	Neergaard's Sunbird	240	240	adults	100	not assessed

State (condition of the trigger species' habitats)
Habitat	Habitat detail	Reference area (ha)	Actual area (ha)	Habitat quantity (% remaining)	Habitat quality (carrying capacity)	Result
Savanna		0	0	moderate (70-90%)	poor (40-69%)	very unfavourable
Wetlands (inland)		0	0	moderate (70-90%)	moderate (70-90%)	unfavourable

Pressure (threats to the trigger species and/or their habitats)
Threat level 1	Threat level 2	Timing	Scope	Severity	Result
Agricultural expansion and intensification	annual & perennial non-timber crops - small-holder farming	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	very rapid to severe deterioration	high
Agricultural expansion and intensification	livestock farming and ranching (includes forest grazing) - nomadic grazing	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	moderate to rapid deterioration	high
Biological resource use	fishing & harvesting aquatic resources - unintentional effects: subsistence/small scale	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	moderate to rapid deterioration	high
Biological resource use	gathering terrestrial plants - unintentional effects (species being assessed is not the target)	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	slow but significant deterioration	medium
Biological resource use	hunting & collecting terrestrial animals - intentional use (species being assessed is the target)	likely in short term (within 4 years)	some of area/population (10-49%)	slow but significant deterioration	medium
Biological resource use	logging & wood harvesting - unintentional effects: subsistence/small scale	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	very rapid to severe deterioration	high
Climate change and severe weather	drought	happening now	whole area/population (>90%)	slow but significant deterioration	high
Human intrusions and disturbance	recreational activities	happening now	majority/most of area/population (50-90%)	slow but significant deterioration	high
Invasive and other problematic species and genes	invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - named species	happening now	whole area/population (>90%)	very rapid to severe deterioration	very high
Invasive and other problematic species and genes	problematic native species/diseases - named species	happening now	majority/most of area/population (50-90%)	very rapid to severe deterioration	very high
Natural system modifications	dams & water management/use - large dams	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	very rapid to severe deterioration	high
Natural system modifications	fire & fire suppression - increase in fire frequency/intensity	happening now	whole area/population (>90%)	moderate to rapid deterioration	very high
Residential and commercial development	tourism and recreation areas	past (and unlikely to return) and no longer limiting	small area/few individuals (<10%)	no or imperceptible deterioration	low
Transportation and service corridors	roads and railroads	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	slow but significant deterioration	medium

Response (conservation actions taken for the trigger species and/or their habitats)
Protected-area designation	Management planning	Other conservation action	Result
Whole area of site (>90%) covered by appropriate conservation designation	A comprehensive and appropriate management plan exists that aims to maintain or improve the populations of qualifying bird species	Substantive conservation measures are being implemented but these are not comprehensive and are limited by resources and capacity	high

For more information about IBA conservation status, please click here

Protected area (PA)	PA designation	PA area (ha)	Relationship of PA with IBA	Overlap of PA with IBA (ha)
Ndumu Game Reserve	Nature Reserve	11,876	is identical to site	12,420
Ndumo Game Reserve	Ramsar Site, Wetland of International Importance	11,871	is identical to site	10,117

Habitat (IUCN level 1)	Habitat detail	Extent (% of site)
Forest	Lowland forest - mixed swamp	-
Savanna	Bushland & thicket - deciduous	-
Wetlands (inland)	Rivers & streams	-

For more information about the IUCN Habitat classification, please click here.

Land-use	Extent (% of site)
nature conservation and research	-
tourism/recreation	-
water management	-

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2023) Important Bird Area factsheet: Ndumo Game Reserve. Downloaded from http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/ndumo-game-reserve-iba-south-africa on 25/09/2023.