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Year of most recent IBA criteria assessment: 2009

Populations of IBA trigger species

Species	Current IUCN Red List Category	Season	Year(s) of estimate	Population estimate	IBA Criteria Triggered
Laysan Duck Anas laysanensis	CR	resident	2005	631 mature individuals	A1, A2, A4i
Red-tailed Tropicbird Phaethon rubricauda	LC	breeding	1984	9,200 breeding pairs	A4ii
Tristram's Storm-petrel Hydrobates tristrami	NT	breeding	1984	5,500 breeding pairs	A1, A4ii
Black-footed Albatross Phoebastria nigripes	NT	breeding	2007	55,900 breeding pairs	A1, A4ii
Laysan Albatross Phoebastria immutabilis	NT	breeding	2007	617,000 breeding pairs	A1, A4ii
Bonin Petrel Pterodroma hypoleuca	LC	breeding	2007	315,000 breeding pairs	A4ii
Wedge-tailed Shearwater Ardenna pacifica	LC	breeding	1984	225,000 breeding pairs	A4ii
Christmas Shearwater Puffinus nativitatis	LC	breeding	1984	2,700 breeding pairs	A4ii
Bulwer's Petrel Bulweria bulwerii	LC	breeding	1984	90,000 breeding pairs	A4ii
Great Frigatebird Fregata minor	LC	breeding	1984	9,900 breeding pairs	A4ii
Red-footed Booby Sula sula	LC	breeding	1984	7,900 breeding pairs	A4ii
Masked Booby Sula dactylatra	LC	breeding	1984	1,700 breeding pairs	A4ii
Pacific Golden Plover Pluvialis fulva	LC	non-breeding	2000	1,992 individuals	A4i
Bristle-thighed Curlew Numenius tahitiensis	VU	non-breeding	2004	800 individuals	A1, A4i
Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres	LC	non-breeding	2000	3,478 individuals	A4i
Brown Noddy Anous stolidus	LC	breeding	1984	75,000 breeding pairs	A4i
Black Noddy Anous minutus	LC	breeding	1984	13,000 breeding pairs	A4i
Procelsterna cerulea	NR	breeding	1984	3,500 breeding pairs	A4i
Common White Tern Gygis alba	LC	breeding	1984	11,000 breeding pairs	A4i
Sooty Tern Onychoprion fuscatus	LC	breeding	1984	1,500,000 breeding pairs	A4i
Grey-backed Tern Onychoprion lunatus	LC	breeding	1984	43,000 breeding pairs	A4i
Millerbird Acrocephalus familiaris	CR	resident	2007	481-1,147 males only	A1, A2
Laysan Finch Telespiza cantans	VU	resident	1968-1990	5,000-20,000 mature individuals	A1, A2
Nihoa Finch Telespiza ultima	CR	resident	2007	2,060-3,550 mature individuals	A1, A2
A4iii Species group - waterbirds	n/a	breeding	1984-2005	1,570,000 breeding pairs	A4iii
A4iii Species group - seabirds	n/a	breeding	1984-2007	1,338,500 breeding pairs	A4iii

Note: This table presents the IBA criteria triggered and the species that triggered then at the time of assessment, the current IUCN Red List category may vary from that which was in place at that time.

For more information about the IBA assessment process and criteria please click here

Threats to the site (pressure)
Threat Level 1	Threat Level 2	Timing	Scope	Severity	Result
Biological resource use	fishing & harvesting aquatic resources - unintentional effects: large scale	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	slow but significant deterioration	medium
Biological resource use	fishing & harvesting aquatic resources - unintentional effects: subsistence/small scale	past (and unlikely to return) and no longer limiting	whole area/population (>90%)	slow but significant deterioration	low
Climate change and severe weather	storms and floods	likely in long term (beyond 4 years)	some of area/population (10-49%)	moderate to rapid deterioration	medium
Invasive and other problematic species and genes	invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - named species	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	slow but significant deterioration	medium
Pollution	industrial & military effluents - type unknown/unrecorded	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	slow but significant deterioration	medium

Conservation actions taken at site (response)
Conservation Designation	Management Planning	Conservation Action	Result
Whole area of site (>90%) covered by appropriate conservation designation	A comprehensive and appropriate management plan exists that aims to maintain or improve the populations of qualifying bird species	Substantive conservation measures are being implemented but these are not comprehensive and are limited by resources and capacity	high

For more information about IBA monitoring please click here

Protection status:

Protected Area	Designation	Area (ha)	Relationship with IBA	Overlap with IBA (ha)
Papahanaumokuakea	Marine National Monument	36,202,393	protected area contained by site	34,136,200
Papahanaumokuakea	World Heritage Site	36,207,500	protected area contains site	36,206,100

All of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands are owned by the U.S. government except Kure, which is owned by the State of Hawaii.

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2019) Important Bird Areas factsheet: Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 21/05/2019.