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Year of most recent IBA criteria assessment: 2009

Populations of IBA trigger species

Species	Current IUCN Red List Category	Season	Year(s) of estimate	Population at site	IBA criteria triggered
Hawaiian Goose Branta sandvicensis	NT	breeding	2003	174 individuals	A1, A2, A4i
Hawaiian Hawk Buteo solitarius	NT	breeding	1999	50-249 individuals	A1, A2
Hawaii Elepaio Chasiempis sandwichensis	VU	breeding	2003	100,000-499,999 individuals	A1, A2
Omao Myadestes obscurus	VU	breeding	2003	50,000-99,999 individuals	A1, A2
Akiapolaau Hemignathus wilsoni	EN	breeding	2003	1,000-2,499 individuals	A1, A2
Hawaii Creeper Manucerthia mana	EN	breeding	2003	2,500-9,999 individuals	A1, A2
Hawaii Akepa Loxops coccineus	EN	breeding	2003	2,500-9,999 individuals	A1, A2
Hawaii Amakihi Chlorodrepanis virens	LC	resident	2003	100,000-499,999 individuals	A2
Iiwi Drepanis coccinea	VU	breeding	2003	100,000-499,999 individuals	A1, A2
Apapane Himatione sanguinea	LC	resident	2003	1,000,000-2,499,999 individuals	A2

Note: The current IUCN Red List category may differ from the category that was valid at the time of IBA criteria assessment.

For more information about the IBA criteria, please click here

Threats to the site (pressure)
Threat level 1	Threat level 2	Timing	Scope	Severity	Result
Biological resource use	logging & wood harvesting - unintentional effects: subsistence/small scale	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	slow but significant deterioration	medium
Invasive and other problematic species and genes	invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - named species	happening now	whole area/population (>90%)	slow but significant deterioration	high

Conservation actions taken at the site (response)
Protected-area designation	Management planning	Other conservation action	Result
Most of site (50-90%) covered (including the most critical parts for important bird species)	No management plan exists but the management planning process has begun	Substantive conservation measures are being implemented but these are not comprehensive and are limited by resources and capacity	low

For more information about IBA conservation status, please click here

Protected area (PA)	PA designation	PA area (ha)	Relationship of PA with IBA	Overlap of PA with IBA (ha)
Waiakea 1942 Lava Flow	Natural Area Reserve	261	protected area contained by site	262
Upper Waiakea Bog	Sanctuary	20	protected area contained by site	20
Puu Makaala	State Natural Area Reserve	4,901	protected area contained by site	4,901
Pu‘u Maka‘ala	Natural Area Reserve	4,701	protected area contained by site	0
Kipuka Ainahou Nene	Wildlife Sanctuary	15,547	protected area contained by site	15,547
Kipuka ‘ainahou Nene	Sanctuary	14,229	protected area overlaps with site	0
Keahou Cooperative Nene	Sanctuary	1,577	protected area overlaps with site	0
Kahauale‘a	Natural Area Reserve	7,041	protected area contained by site	7,192
Hawaiian Islands	UNESCO-MAB Biosphere Reserve	99,545	protected area overlaps with site	0
Hawaii Volcanoes National Park	World Heritage Site (natural or mixed)	92,934	protected area overlaps with site	27,265
Hawaii Volcanoes	Wilderness	66,861	protected area overlaps with site	0
Hawaii Volcanoes	National Park	91,960	protected area contains site	30,000
Hawai'i Volcanoes	National Park	146,023	protected area overlaps with site	0

Land-use	Extent (% of site)
nature conservation and research	-
forestry	-
hunting	-
other	-

For further information about the land-use classification, please click here.

Lands comprising the Mauna Loa-Kilauea Forests Important Bird Area are owned by several different government agencies and private groups. The single largest parcel within the IBA is a portion of Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park, but the State of Hawai`i owns the largest proportion of the IBA overall. State lands include all or part of Pu`u Maka`ala, Kahaualea, and Waiakea 1942 Lava Flow Natural Area Reserves, Kipuka Ainahou Nene Sanctuary, Upper Waiakea Bog Sanctuary, Mauna Loa, Ola`a, Waiakea, Upper Waiakea, and Wao Kele O Puna Forest Reserves, Kulani Correctional Facility, and unencumbered lands between Kahaualea and the national park. Kamehameha Schools owns two parcels within the IBA, Keauhou Ranch and a smaller parcel leased to the Zoological Society of San Diego that contains the Keauhou Bird Conservation Center.

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2023) Important Bird Area factsheet: Mauna Loa-Kilauea Forests. Downloaded from http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/26098 on 28/05/2023.