• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Map
• Reference and further resources

Year of most recent IBA criteria assessment: 2011

Populations of IBA trigger species

Species	Current IUCN Red List Category	Season	Year(s) of estimate	Population at site	IBA criteria triggered
Little Bustard Tetrax tetrax	NT	resident	2005	min 500 individuals	A1, C1
Great Bustard Otis tarda	VU	resident	2003	min 30 individuals	A1, C1
Black Stork Ciconia nigra	LC	passage	2003	min 80 individuals	B1i, C2
Black Stork Ciconia nigra	LC	breeding	2010	min 6 breeding pairs	B1i, C2
Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis	LC	breeding	2004	min 6,700 breeding pairs	A4i, B1i, C3
Eurasian Eagle-owl Bubo bubo	LC	resident	2003	min 25 breeding pairs	B2, C6
Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus	EN	breeding	2008	min 28 breeding pairs	A1, B2, C1, C2, C6
Griffon Vulture Gyps fulvus	LC	resident	2008	min 149 breeding pairs	C2, C6
Cinereous Vulture Aegypius monachus	NT	resident	2006	336 breeding pairs	A1, A4ii, B1iii, B2, C1, C2, C6
Spanish Imperial Eagle Aquila adalberti	VU	resident	2006	min 24 breeding pairs	A1, B2, C1, C2, C6
Bonelli's Eagle Aquila fasciata	LC	resident	2005	min 8 breeding pairs	B2, C2, C6
Booted Eagle Hieraaetus pennatus	LC	breeding	2003	min 17 breeding pairs	C2, C6
Red Kite Milvus milvus	LC	winter	2005	min 600 individuals	A1, A4ii, B1iii, C1, C2
Red Kite Milvus milvus	LC	resident	2005	55-75 breeding pairs	A1, B2, C1, C2
Black Kite Milvus migrans	LC	breeding	2003	min 50 breeding pairs	C6
Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni	LC	breeding	2002	110-135 breeding pairs	B2, C2

Note: The current IUCN Red List category may differ from the category that was valid at the time of IBA criteria assessment.

For more information about the IBA criteria, please click here

Threats to the site (pressure)
Threat level 1	Threat level 2	Timing	Scope	Severity	Result
Agricultural expansion and intensification	livestock farming and ranching (includes forest grazing) - small-holder grazing, ranching or farming	happening now	majority/most of area/population (50-90%)	moderate to rapid deterioration	high
Agricultural expansion and intensification	wood and pulp plantations (includes afforestation) - small-holder plantations	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	very rapid to severe deterioration	high
Biological resource use	hunting & collecting terrestrial animals - intentional use (species being assessed is the target)	happening now	majority/most of area/population (50-90%)	very rapid to severe deterioration	very high
Biological resource use	hunting & collecting terrestrial animals - persecution/control	happening now	majority/most of area/population (50-90%)	very rapid to severe deterioration	very high
Biological resource use	hunting & collecting terrestrial animals - unintentional effects (species is not the target)	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	slow but significant deterioration	medium
Biological resource use	logging & wood harvesting - unintentional effects: large scale	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	no or imperceptible deterioration	low
Climate change and severe weather	drought	likely in short term (within 4 years)	whole area/population (>90%)	slow but significant deterioration	high
Climate change and severe weather	temperature extremes	happening now	whole area/population (>90%)	slow but significant deterioration	high
Energy production and mining	renewable energy	happening now	small area/few individuals (<10%)	no or imperceptible deterioration	low
Human intrusions and disturbance	recreational activities	happening now	majority/most of area/population (50-90%)	slow but significant deterioration	high
Human intrusions and disturbance	work and other activities	happening now	whole area/population (>90%)	slow but significant deterioration	high
Invasive and other problematic species and genes	introduced genetic material	happening now	majority/most of area/population (50-90%)	slow but significant deterioration	high
Natural system modifications	dams & water management/use - abstraction of ground water (agricultural use)	happening now	small area/few individuals (<10%)	slow but significant deterioration	low
Natural system modifications	other ecosystem modifications	happening now	majority/most of area/population (50-90%)	very rapid to severe deterioration	very high
Pollution	agricultural & forestry effluents - herbicides and pesticides	happening now	majority/most of area/population (50-90%)	moderate to rapid deterioration	high
Pollution	excess energy - noise pollution	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	slow but significant deterioration	medium
Transportation and service corridors	roads and railroads	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	moderate to rapid deterioration	high
Transportation and service corridors	utility & service lines	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	moderate to rapid deterioration	high

Condition of the site (state), by species
Scientific name	Common name	Reference population	Actual population	Units	% of population remaining	Result
Otis tarda	Great Bustard	150	150	individuals	100	favourable
Ciconia nigra	Black Stork	9	9	breeding pairs	100	favourable
Bubulcus ibis	Cattle Egret	1100	1100	breeding pairs	100	favourable
Bubo bubo	Eurasian Eagle-owl	25	25	breeding pairs	100	favourable
Neophron percnopterus	Egyptian Vulture	21	21	breeding pairs	100	favourable
Gyps fulvus	Griffon Vulture	40	40	breeding pairs	100	favourable
Aegypius monachus	Cinereous Vulture	168	168	breeding pairs	100	favourable
Aquila adalberti	Spanish Imperial Eagle	20	20	breeding pairs	100	favourable
Aquila fasciata	Bonelli's Eagle	10	10	breeding pairs	100	favourable
Hieraaetus pennatus	Booted Eagle	50	50	breeding pairs	100	favourable
Milvus migrans		100	100	breeding pairs	100	favourable
Falco naumanni	Lesser Kestrel	50	50	breeding pairs	100	favourable

Conservation actions taken at the site (response)
Protected-area designation	Management planning	Other conservation action	Result
Most of site (50-90%) covered (including the most critical parts for important bird species)	A management plan exists but it is out of date or not comprehensive	Substantive conservation measures are being implemented but these are not comprehensive and are limited by resources and capacity	medium

For more information about IBA conservation status, please click here

Protected area (PA)	PA designation	PA area (ha)	Relationship of PA with IBA	Overlap of PA with IBA (ha)
Sierra de San Pedro	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	115,178	protected area contained by site	0
Sierra de San Pedro	Special Protection Area (Birds Directive)	115,178	protected area contained by site	115,032
Sierra de San Pedro	Zona de Interes Regional	115,032	protected area contained by site	0
Riveras de Carbajo y Calatrucha	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	1,066	protected area overlaps with site	19
Rivera de Membrio	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	639	protected area overlaps with site	185
Rivera de los Molinos y la Torre	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	521	protected area overlaps with site	137
Rivera de Aurela	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	1,069	protected area overlaps with site	294
Río Tajo Internacional y Riberos	Special Protection Area (Birds Directive)	25,479	protected area overlaps with site	1,817
Río Salor	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	391	protected area overlaps with site	59
Río Gevora Alto	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	2,826	protected area overlaps with site	2,377
Río Aljucén Bajo	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	426	protected area is adjacent to site	0
Regato Guadalto	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	262	protected area contained by site	173
Parque Natural Tajo Internacional	Parque Natural	25,088	protected area overlaps with site	0
Nacimiento del Río Gevora	Special Protection Area (Birds Directive)	21,048	protected area contained by site	20,024
Llanos de Cáceres y Sierra de Fuentes	Zona de Interes Regional	70,021	protected area is adjacent to site	0
Llanos de Cáceres y Sierra de Fuentes	Special Protection Area (Birds Directive)	69,666	protected area is adjacent to site	0
Llanos de Alcantara y Brozas	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	46,580	protected area is adjacent to site	0
Llanos de Alcantara y Brozas	Special Protection Area (Birds Directive)	46,580	protected area is adjacent to site	0
Embalse de Horno-Tejero	Special Protection Area (Birds Directive)	330	protected area contained by site	265
Embalse de Cornalvo y Sierra Bermeja	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	13,039	protected area is adjacent to site	0
Embalse de Cornalvo y Sierra Bermeja	Special Protection Area (Birds Directive)	13,039	protected area is adjacent to site	0
Corredor del Lacara	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	649	protected area overlaps with site	474
Cornalvo	Parque Natural	11,396	protected area is adjacent to site	0
Colonias de Cernícalo Primilla de San Vicente de Alcántara	Special Protection Area (Birds Directive)	23	protected area contained by site	3
Colonias de Cernícalo Primilla de Alburquerque	Special Protection Area (Birds Directive)	24	protected area contained by site	42
Cedillo y Río Tajo Internacional	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	22,698	protected area is adjacent to site	1,189
Alcornoque El Abuelo	Árbol Singular	0	protected area contained by site	0

The Local Conservation Groups below are working to support conservation at this IBA.

Name	Year formed
ADENEX	0
CES	0
FUNDACIÓN CB HABITAT (MMA)	0
MUNDOBRIGA	0

For more information on BirdLife's work with Local Conservation Groups, please click here.

IUCN Habitat	Habitat detail	Extent (% of site)
Forest	Broadleaved evergreen woodland	-
Shrubland		-
Wetlands (inland)	Standing brackish and salt water, Rivers and streams	-
Rocky areas (eg. inland cliffs, mountain peaks)	Inland cliffs	-
Artificial/Terrestrial	Perennial crops, orchards and groves, Forestry plantations	-

For further information about the IUCN habitat classification, please click here.

Land-use	Extent (% of site)
agriculture	-
hunting	-
other	-

For further information about the land-use classification, please click here.

---

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2023) Important Bird Area factsheet: San Pedro mountain range. Downloaded from http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/1736 on 04/06/2023.