ES291
San Pedro mountain range


IBA Justification

The site was identified as important in 2011 because it was regularly supporting significant populations of the species listed below, meeting ('triggering') IBA criteria.

Populations meeting IBA criteria ('trigger species'):
Species Red List Category Season Year(s) Population estimate at site IBA criteria met
Little Bustard Tetrax tetrax NT resident 2005 min 500 individuals A1, C1
Great Bustard Otis tarda EN resident 2003 min 30 individuals A1, C1
Black Stork Ciconia nigra LC passage 2003 min 80 individuals B1i, C2
Black Stork Ciconia nigra LC breeding 2010 min 6 breeding pairs B1i, C2
Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis LC breeding 2004 min 6,700 breeding pairs A4i, B1i, C3
Eurasian Eagle-owl Bubo bubo LC resident 2003 min 25 breeding pairs B2, C6
Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus EN breeding 2008 min 28 breeding pairs A1, B2, C1, C2, C6
Griffon Vulture Gyps fulvus LC resident 2008 min 149 breeding pairs C2, C6
Cinereous Vulture Aegypius monachus NT resident 2006 336 breeding pairs A1, A4ii, B1iii, B2, C1, C2, C6
Spanish Imperial Eagle Aquila adalberti VU resident 2006 min 24 breeding pairs A1, B2, C1, C2, C6
Bonelli's Eagle Aquila fasciata LC resident 2005 min 8 breeding pairs B2, C2, C6
Booted Eagle Hieraaetus pennatus LC breeding 2003 min 17 breeding pairs C2, C6
Red Kite Milvus milvus LC winter 2005 min 600 individuals A1, A4ii, B1iii, C1, C2
Red Kite Milvus milvus LC resident 2005 55-75 breeding pairs A1, B2, C1, C2
Black Kite Milvus migrans LC breeding 2003 min 50 breeding pairs C6
Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni LC breeding 2002 110-135 breeding pairs B2, C2

The current IUCN Red List category (shown above) may differ from that which was valid at the time of IBA criteria assessment (2011).


IBA Conservation

IBA conservation assessment
Year of assessment (most recent) State (condition) Pressure (threat) Response (action)
2008 favourable very high medium
Was the whole site assessed? State assessed by Accuracy of information
no population medium

State (condition of the trigger species' populations)
Scientific name Common name Reference population Actual population Units % of population remaining Result
Otis tarda Great Bustard 150 150 individuals 100 favourable
Ciconia nigra Black Stork 9 9 breeding pairs 100 favourable
Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret 1100 1100 breeding pairs 100 favourable
Bubo bubo Eurasian Eagle-owl 25 25 breeding pairs 100 favourable
Neophron percnopterus Egyptian Vulture 21 21 breeding pairs 100 favourable
Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture 40 40 breeding pairs 100 favourable
Aegypius monachus Cinereous Vulture 168 168 breeding pairs 100 favourable
Aquila adalberti Spanish Imperial Eagle 20 20 breeding pairs 100 favourable
Aquila fasciata Bonelli's Eagle 10 10 breeding pairs 100 favourable
Hieraaetus pennatus Booted Eagle 50 50 breeding pairs 100 favourable
Milvus migrans 100 100 breeding pairs 100 favourable
Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel 50 50 breeding pairs 100 favourable

Pressure (threats to the trigger species and/or their habitats)
Threat level 1 Threat level 2 Timing Scope Severity Result
Agricultural expansion and intensification livestock farming and ranching (includes forest grazing) - small-holder grazing, ranching or farming happening now majority/most of area/population (50-90%) moderate to rapid deterioration high
Agricultural expansion and intensification wood and pulp plantations (includes afforestation) - small-holder plantations happening now some of area/population (10-49%) very rapid to severe deterioration high
Biological resource use hunting & collecting terrestrial animals - intentional use (species being assessed is the target) happening now majority/most of area/population (50-90%) very rapid to severe deterioration very high
Biological resource use hunting & collecting terrestrial animals - persecution/control happening now majority/most of area/population (50-90%) very rapid to severe deterioration very high
Biological resource use hunting & collecting terrestrial animals - unintentional effects (species is not the target) happening now some of area/population (10-49%) slow but significant deterioration medium
Biological resource use logging & wood harvesting - unintentional effects: large scale happening now some of area/population (10-49%) no or imperceptible deterioration low
Climate change and severe weather drought likely in short term (within 4 years) whole area/population (>90%) slow but significant deterioration high
Climate change and severe weather temperature extremes happening now whole area/population (>90%) slow but significant deterioration high
Energy production and mining renewable energy happening now small area/few individuals (<10%) no or imperceptible deterioration low
Human intrusions and disturbance recreational activities happening now majority/most of area/population (50-90%) slow but significant deterioration high
Human intrusions and disturbance work and other activities happening now whole area/population (>90%) slow but significant deterioration high
Invasive and other problematic species and genes introduced genetic material happening now majority/most of area/population (50-90%) slow but significant deterioration high
Natural system modifications dams & water management/use - abstraction of ground water (agricultural use) happening now small area/few individuals (<10%) slow but significant deterioration low
Natural system modifications other ecosystem modifications happening now majority/most of area/population (50-90%) very rapid to severe deterioration very high
Pollution agricultural & forestry effluents - herbicides and pesticides happening now majority/most of area/population (50-90%) moderate to rapid deterioration high
Pollution excess energy - noise pollution happening now some of area/population (10-49%) slow but significant deterioration medium
Transportation and service corridors roads and railroads happening now some of area/population (10-49%) moderate to rapid deterioration high
Transportation and service corridors utility & service lines happening now some of area/population (10-49%) moderate to rapid deterioration high

Response (conservation actions taken for the trigger species and/or their habitats)
Protected-area designation Management planning Other conservation action Result
Most of site (50-90%) covered (including the most critical parts for important bird species) A management plan exists but it is out of date or not comprehensive Substantive conservation measures are being implemented but these are not comprehensive and are limited by resources and capacity medium
For more information about IBA conservation status, please click here

IBA Protection

Protected area (PA) PA designation PA area (ha) Relationship of PA with IBA Overlap of PA with IBA (ha)
Sierra de San Pedro Special Protection Area (Birds Directive) 115,178 protected area contained by site 115,032
Sierra de San Pedro Zona de Interes Regional 115,032 protected area contained by site 0
Sierra de San Pedro Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive) 115,178 protected area contained by site 0
Riveras de Carbajo y Calatrucha Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive) 1,066 protected area overlaps with site 19
Rivera de Membrio Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive) 639 protected area overlaps with site 185
Rivera de los Molinos y la Torre Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive) 521 protected area overlaps with site 137
Rivera de Aurela Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive) 1,069 protected area overlaps with site 294
Río Tajo Internacional y Riberos Special Protection Area (Birds Directive) 25,479 protected area overlaps with site 1,817
Río Salor Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive) 391 protected area overlaps with site 59
Río Gevora Alto Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive) 2,826 protected area overlaps with site 2,377
Río Aljucén Bajo Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive) 426 protected area is adjacent to site 0
Regato Guadalto Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive) 262 protected area contained by site 173
Parque Natural Tajo Internacional Parque Natural 25,088 protected area overlaps with site 0
Nacimiento del Río Gevora Special Protection Area (Birds Directive) 21,048 protected area contained by site 20,024
Llanos de Cáceres y Sierra de Fuentes Special Protection Area (Birds Directive) 69,666 protected area is adjacent to site 0
Llanos de Cáceres y Sierra de Fuentes Zona de Interes Regional 70,021 protected area is adjacent to site 0
Llanos de Alcantara y Brozas Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive) 46,580 protected area is adjacent to site 0
Llanos de Alcantara y Brozas Special Protection Area (Birds Directive) 46,580 protected area is adjacent to site 0
Embalse de Horno-Tejero Special Protection Area (Birds Directive) 330 protected area contained by site 265
Embalse de Cornalvo y Sierra Bermeja Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive) 13,039 protected area is adjacent to site 0
Embalse de Cornalvo y Sierra Bermeja Special Protection Area (Birds Directive) 13,039 protected area is adjacent to site 0
Corredor del Lacara Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive) 649 protected area overlaps with site 474
Cornalvo Parque Natural 11,396 protected area is adjacent to site 0
Colonias de Cernícalo Primilla de San Vicente de Alcántara Special Protection Area (Birds Directive) 23 protected area contained by site 3
Colonias de Cernícalo Primilla de Alburquerque Special Protection Area (Birds Directive) 24 protected area contained by site 42
Cedillo y Río Tajo Internacional Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive) 22,698 protected area is adjacent to site 1,189
Alcornoque El Abuelo Árbol Singular 0 protected area contained by site 0

Local Conservation Groups

The Local Conservation Groups listed below are working to support conservation at this IBA.

Name Year formed
ADENEX 0
CES 0
FUNDACIÓN CB HABITAT (MMA) 0
MUNDOBRIGA 0
For more information on BirdLife's work with Local Conservation Groups, please click here.

Habitats

Habitat (IUCN level 1) Habitat detail Extent (% of site)
Forest Broadleaved evergreen woodland -
Shrubland -
Wetlands (inland) Standing brackish and salt water, Rivers and streams -
Rocky areas (eg. inland cliffs, mountain peaks) Inland cliffs -
Artificial/Terrestrial Perennial crops, orchards and groves, Forestry plantations -
For more information about the IUCN Habitat classification, please click here.

Land use

Land-use Extent (% of site)
agriculture -
hunting -
other -


Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Important Bird Area factsheet: San Pedro mountain range. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/san-pedro-mountain-range-iba-spain on 19/03/2024.